Problematising justice definitions in public food security debates: Towards global and participative food justices     

《Geoforum》2017

In the current environment of austerity, social justice concerns are increasingly permeating the food security agenda. However, there is a need to clarify what it means to create socially just food systems conceptually and practically. To address this gap, this paper proposes an analytical framework to embed a more complex conceptualisation of justice in food security debates that also serves as a bridging device across competing narratives. This framework is mobilised to analyse the framing process of the UK media, which plays a key role in developing narratives that provide audiences with schemas for interpreting events. Results show the emergence of eleven frames which highlight different solutions to deliver food security. The application of the justice analytical framework evidences the contingent relationship between food security and justice claims and discusses how these food security frames address differently what counts as a matter of justice (including economic, socio-cultural and political dimensions) and who counts as a subject of justice, tackling issues around delimitation of scales and sites of justice. The analysis reveals polarised positions between whether the sites subject to justice should be individuals or structures and uncovers how political and global elements of justice are largely by-passed in food security debates. These conceptualisations of justice and associated policy recommendations neglect the potential for people to participate fully in the conditions and decisions that give rise to particular distributions of goods and bads in the first place; limiting the construction of shared responsibilities to deliver global and participative food justices.  相似文献   

Spatial Sciences on Ice: 50 years of Australian activities on the Amery Ice Shelf,East Antarctica     

Volker Janssen  Rachael Hurd 《The Australian geographer》2008,39(4):389-408

The Antarctic climate system involves many complex interactions between the atmosphere, oceans and ice and is sensitive to variations in these components. Ice shelves represent the ice–ocean–atmosphere interface of the Antarctic continent and are therefore very important indicators of climate change in the region. The Amery Ice Shelf is the largest ice shelf in East Antarctica and has been the focus of many scientific research projects over the past 50 years. This paper presents a history of the use of spatial science techniques from basic survey equipment to satellite systems in Australian research projects based on the Amery Ice Shelf (and surrounding glaciers) since 1955. The application of these spatial data to projects based primarily in the fields of geodesy, glaciology, climatology, and oceanography has allowed the measurement and monitoring of the physical, dynamic and environmental characteristics of this large and remote region. This new information provides scientists with a better understanding of the ice shelf/ocean/atmosphere system allowing future monitoring to observe the effects of global climate change.  相似文献   

旅游地居民对主题景区旅游影响的感知与态度——以常州环球恐龙城为例     

衣传华  黄常州 《地理研究》2013,32(6):1165-1176

以常州环球恐龙城为例,利用因子分析、回归分析和聚类分析等方法,研究了旅游地居民对主题景区旅游影响的感知与态度。结果表明:①常州城市居民对环球恐龙城旅游影响的感知特征可归纳为“社会失序”、“文化素质提升”、“地方认同和生活环境改善”、“吸引力增强”、“综合效益提升”、“生活环境恶化”和“生活成本提高”等7个维度,居民对积极影响的感知强度整体上高于消极影响。②常州城市居民对环球恐龙城发展的态度与旅游影响感知密切联系,各感知因子对居民态度的不同维度有显著影响。③根据对环球恐龙城发展的态度,可将常州城市居民划分为“乐观支持者”、“理性支持者”、“谨慎支持者”、“冷漠态度者”等4种类型,总体来说,常州城市居民对环球恐龙城旅游发展的态度较为积极与理性。  相似文献   

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曹新运  王坚  刘超 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(1):81-85

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高淑照  陈强 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(4):155-159

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5个全球气候模式对中国东北地区地面温度的模拟与预估   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

崔妍  李倩  周晓宇  张晓月  赵春雨 《气象与环境学报》2013,29(4):37-46

利用5个全球气候模式和中国东北地区162个站点地面温度实测资料,评估全球气候模式和多模式集合平均对中国东北地区地面温度的模拟能力,并对SRES B1、A1B和A2排放情景下,中国东北地区未来地面温度变化进行预估。结果表明：全球气候模式能够较好地再现了东北地区地面温度的年变化和空间分布特征,但存在系统性冷偏差,模式对夏季地面温度模拟偏低1.16 ℃,优于冬季。预估结果表明,3种排放情景下21世纪中期和末期东北地区地面温度均将升高,末期增幅高于中期,冬季增幅高于其他季节, SRES A2排放情景下增幅最大,B1排放情景下最小;增温幅度自南向北逐渐增大,增温最显著地区位于黑龙江小兴安岭;21世纪末期3种情景下中国东北地区年平均地面温度将分别升高2.39 ℃(SRES B1)、3.62 ℃(SRES A1B)和4.43 ℃(SRES A2)。  相似文献   

球体位错理论在2011年日本强震中的应用研究     

付广裕 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(6):1-7

利用球体位错理论计算了2011年日本强震产生的远场同震位移与应变,并利用GPS远场数据修正了该强震的总地震矩。结果表明：1）利用球体位错理论计算得到的理论水平位移场显示,垂直于发震断层的广大区域同震位移较大,位移矢量总体都指向震中地区,震中距约5 000千米的地方亦产生了3 mm以上的同震水平位移。理论位移与远场GPS观测结果具有良好的一致性;2）比较两个独立断层模型对应的理论同震位移场发现,震源西部地区远场位移总体上只有1%～4%的微小差异,而东部广大海域的差异则达到同震信号的6%～15%,震中周围差异更大。该差异表明,相对于震源仅局域覆盖的日本本土GPS观测数据对2011年日本强震的断层滑动分布模型的约束能力有限;3）依据中国及邻区的远场GPS同震观测数据修正2011年日本强震的总地震矩,把该地震释放的总能量约束在(3.24～4.96)×10 ²² Nm,相应的矩震级为Mw8.97～9.10;4）2011年日本强震在华北地区产生的同震应变与该区的长期应力变化背景场大体相反,表明该强震使华北地区的地壳产生了松弛效应。  相似文献   

A theoretical study on terrestrial gravimetric data refinement by Earth gravity models     

Mehdi Eshagh 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(1):158-171

The idea of this paper is to present estimators for combining terrestrial gravity data with Earth gravity models and produce a high‐quality source of the Earth's gravity field data through all wavelengths. To do so, integral and point‐wise estimators are mathematically developed, based on the spectral combination theory, in such a way that they combine terrestrial data with one and/or two Earth gravity models. The integral estimators are developed so that they become biased or unbiased to a priori information. For testing the quality of the estimators, their global mean square errors are generated using an Earth gravity model08 model and one of the recent products of the gravity field and steady‐state ocean circulation explorer mission. Numerical results show that the integral estimators have smaller global root mean square errors than the point‐wise ones but they are not efficient practically. The integral estimator of the biased type is the most suited due to its smallest global root mean square error comparing to the rest of the estimators. Due largely to the omission errors of Earth gravity models the point‐wise estimators are not sensitive to the Earth gravity model commission error; therefore, the use of high‐degree Earth gravity models is very influential for reduction of their root mean square errors. Also it is shown that the use of the ocean circulation explorer Earth gravity model does not significantly reduce the root mean square errors of the presented estimators in the presence of Earth gravity model08. All estimators are applied in the region of Fennoscandia and a cap size of 2° for numerical integration and a maximum degree of 2500 for generation of band‐limited kernels are found suitable for the integral estimators.  相似文献   

Community change and evidence for variable warm-water temperature adaptation of corals in Northern Male Atoll,Maldives     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,81(1-2):107-113

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Possible change in distribution of seaweed, Sargassum horneri, in northeast Asia under A2 scenario of global warming and consequent effect on some fish     

Teruhisa Komatsu  Masahiro Fukuda  Atsuko Mikami  Shizuha Mizuno  Attachai Kantachumpoo  Hideaki Tanoue  Michio Kawamiya 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Global warming effects on seaweed beds are already perceptible. Their geographical distributions greatly depend on water temperatures. To predict future geographical distributions of brown alga, Sargassum horneri, forming large beds in the northwestern Pacific, we referred to future monthly surface water temperatures at about 1.1° of longitude and 0.6° of latitude in February and August in 2050 and 2100 simulated by 12 organizations under an A2 scenario of global warming. The southern limit of S. horneri distribution is expected to keep moving northward such that it may broadly disappear from Honshu Island, the Chinese coast, and Korean Peninsula in 2100, when tropical Sargassum species such as Sargassum tenuifolium may not completely replace S. horneri. Thus, their forests in 2100 do not substitute those of S. horneri in 2000. Fishes using the beds and seaweed rafts consisting of S. horneri in East China Sea suffer these disappearances.  相似文献